ImpactNET

KSNET Policy Papers 2026/01

The Electricity Social Tariff: From Formal Entitlement to Effective Access

Territorial Coverage and Proposals to Improve Its Implementation in Spain

This first KSNET Policy Paper examines the coverage of Spain’s electricity social tariff and, for the first time, quantifies the gap between households that are entitled to the benefit and those that actually receive it across all Spanish regions over the 2021–2025 period. Drawing on microdata from the Spanish Living Conditions Survey, the paper identifies the main barriers to access and proposes evidence-based recommendations to move towards a more proactive, automated and effective system.

Authors: Romén Adán González and Elena Costas Pérez.

[Download the Policy Paper (PDF)]

Ten Policies for a Decade: KSNET’s 10th Anniversary Book

In 2025 KSNET turns one decade old. To celebrate, we present Ten Policies for a Decade. Evidence to understand how Spain has changed, volume edited by Debate. Through ten chapters dedicated to areas such as employment, education, health, housing, climate change or child poverty, the work analyzes what has changed, what lessons the evaluation has left and what challenges remain open for public policies.

The book combines empirical analysis and reflection to improve public action based on evidence. This view is also the reason for KSNET’s existence: to convert data into useful knowledge, accompany institutions in their learning processes and make evaluation a permanent tool for continuous improvement.

The chapters have been prepared by KSNET researchers in collaboration with specialists from the academic and professional fields who have accompanied us in the last decade. With a prologue by Eloísa del Pino, Olga Cantó, Antón Costas, Lucas Gortazar, Manuel Hidalgo, Víctor Lapuente, Kiko Llaneras, Marta Suárez-Varela, Judit Vall, Maite Vilalta and Joseba Zalakaín participate.

[Download the full book here]

Methodology to calculate the gender pay gap

During 2021 we have worked on creating a methodology to calculate the gender pay gap in any organization, both in the public and private spheres.

The main objective is for entities to have at their disposal the necessary tools to, first of all, detect if there are salary differences due to gender, as well as detect their causes. Secondly, recommendations are also offered to reverse them.

The second report of the Cities Series is out. In this edition of the collaboration with Esade EcPol we discuss supply policies to improve access to housing in Spain.

This second issue presents the difficulties of access to housing in Spain and the different types of housing supply policies that have been implemented. At the moment the policies of incentives and limitations to reduce the number of vacant homes are difficult to manage and price controls can introduce distortions, such as reducing supply, reducing quality, segmentation of areas and increasing prices. Instead, we explore less widespread alternatives, such as social rent, the promotion of the right of first refusal and withdrawal in some conditions, and the reservation of land and density bonuses.

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Energy renovation: The time for an unresolved issue

Participation in the Green Deal podcast from Agenda Publica. We talk about energy efficiency and building renovation to address the energy transition in Spain.

Listen to the Podcast

Presentation of our working paper: “The impact of cultural activities on health and well-being among older people: evidence from a field experiment” at the IX EvaluAES Research Workshop on Evaluation of Health Policies and Services (2020) 

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We have launched our new policy brief Series “Cities” together with Esade EcPol. We started talking about how EU funds can help us to solve energy poverty

In the first issue, we analyze the energy poverty problem in Spain and describe how the NextGeneration Funds and the MFM offer a unique opportunity to tackle it. We propose solutions around three lines of action: (i) Effective transformation of the housing stock; (ii) Knowledge generation; and (iii) Capacity development